Technical data
Sample components and measurement ranges
Sample component
O2
Min./max. measurement range
0–1/100 vol.%
Max. abs. pressure
2 bar (29 psi)
2 to 20 bar (29 to 290 psi) on request
Max. temperature
1500 °C (2732 °F)
Measurement range quantity
1 physical measurement range per sample component,
1 x transmission
Optical path lengths (OPL)
Standard optical path lengths
0.5 to 20 m. Other optical path lengths on request.
Remarks
– The analyzer performance characteristics have been
determined according to IEC 61207-1:2010 “Expression of
performance of gas analyzers– Part 1: General”. They are
based on nitrogen as the associated gas. Compliance with
these characteristics when measuring other gas mixtures
can only be assured if their composition is known.
– All specifications refer to an optical path length (OPL) of
1 meter, tested in ABB’s test and calibration jig. However,
application-dependent variations may occur. The specific
detection limit, minimum and maximum measurement range
for a specific application will depend on the gas conditions
(pressure, temperature and gas composition) and optical
path length. Minimum measurement range, maximum
pressure and maximum temperature cannot necessarily be
realized simultaneously under all conditions.
– The maximum pressure and maximum temperature given
are physical (spectroscopic) limits.
– Applications exceeding the above given spectroscopic
limitation might be possible on request.
Introduction
Application and design
The LS4000 is an in situ cross-duct analyzer for measuring
gas component concentrations. It applies the highly selective
optical measuring principle of tunable diode laser (TDL) ab
sorption spectroscopy. The LS4000 is a stand-alone system
and is approved for use in hazardous areas according to
international standards.
The analyzer consists of a transmitter unit with a laser light
source and a receiver unit with a photodetector. Both units are
mounted opposite each other on the process pipe or stack
and are connected by a junction box.
Measurement principle – TDLAS
The LS4000 employs the optical measuring technique of
absorption spectroscopy, which utilizes the fact that a specific
gas absorbs specific light wavelengths.
The light beam is emitted from a tunable laser diode located in
the transmitter unit. The laser light passes through the process
gas and strikes the photodetector in the receiver unit. The
measured gas component present in the optical path absorbs
the laser light, attenuating the light received.
A sophisticated signal algorithm processes the amount of light
attenuation and calculates the gas concentration on the basis
of the Beer-Lambert law. The influence of temperature and
pressure variations is eliminated by dynamic automatic correction.
Measurement made easy
Highest precision under harshest conditions
High precision
– Lowest detection limits, highly accurate measurements
– Highly selective, virtually cross interference free
Suitable for harsh process conditions
– In-situ, direct measurement of hazardous gas streams
– For high pressure, high temperature applications
Fast and direct
– In-situ, no sample transport or conditioning
– Fast response
Safe, compact and easy
– Flameproof housing (Ex-d), no purging
– No nitrogen purging for oxygen measurement
– Compact and lightweight, insensitive to vibrations
– Ease of maintenance
How it works – measuring principle
The LS4000 employs the optical measuring technique of absorption spectroscopy, which utilizes the fact
that a specific gas absorbs specific light wavelengths.
The light beam is emitted from a tunable laser diode located in the transmitter unit.
The laser light passes through the process gas and strikes the photodetector in the receiver unit.
The measured gas component present in the optical path absorbs the laser light, attenuating the light
received.
A sophisticated signal algorithm processes the amount of light attenuation and calculates the gas
concentration on the basis of the Beer-Lambert law.
The influence of temperature and pressure variations is eliminated by dynamic automatic correction.
Sample components and measurement ranges
The LS4000 laser analyzer has one physical measurement range per sample component.
O2 from 0…1 to 0…100 Vol%
Typical applications
− Process and safety monitoring
− Combustion control
− Control of flue gas abatement equipment (e.g. ammonia slip measurements)
− Emission monitoring
Typical industries served
− Chemical and petrochemical industry
− Power industry
− Iron and steel industry
International certifications
− ATEX Zone 1
− IECEx Zone 1
− CSA Class I, Division 1
Suitable for harsh process conditions
LS4000 applies a non-contact, optical technique, which allows the measurement of corrosive, toxic and
hazardous gas streams directly in the process. The laser analyzer is suitable for measurements at elevated
temperatures up to 1500 °C (2732 °F) and pressures up to 20 bar (290 psi).
The influence of temperature and pressure variations is eliminated by automatic dynamic correction.
Fast and direct
A sampling and conditioning system is unnecessary since the instrument is directly installed on the
process (in situ).
This results in a typical response time of 2 seconds, providing better loop control and faster detection of
critical conditions.
The in situ laser analyzer is ideally suited for process optimization and safety measurements.
Safe, compact and easy
− No purging for installations in hazardous areas – the analyzer includes flameproof housing (Ex-d) with
international certifications
− No nitrogen purging of the analyzer housing for O2 measurement
− Insensitive to vibrations through compact and lightweight design
− Ease of maintenance
The LS4000 is an in situ cross-duct analyzer for measuring gas component concentrations.
It applies the highly selective, optical measuring principle of tunable diode laser (TDL)
absorption spectroscopy.
The LS4000 is a stand-alone system and is approved for use in hazardous areas according
to international standards. The device consists of a transmitter unit with a laser light source and a receiver
unit with a photodetector. The two units are mounted opposite each other on the process pipe or stack
and are connected by a junction box.
The advantages to you:
High precision
Due to the narrow spectral width of the laser beam and the narrow scan window, only the absorption by
the target gas component is measured. Consequently, high selectivity and accuracy are achieved and the
measurement is virtually cross-interference free.
Suitable for harsh process conditions
LS4000 applies a non-contact, optical technique, which allows the measurement of corrosive, toxic and
hazardous gas streams directly in the process. The laser analyzer is suitable for measurements at elevated
temperatures up to 1500 °C (2732 °F) and pressures up to 20 bar (290 psi).
The influence of temperature and pressure variations is eliminated by automatic dynamic correction.
KB2 Fibre-Optic Sheet Break Detector is designed to handle all kind of break detection.
With RGB-colour based detection it can detect different colours and then separate
wire/felt reflection easily from the paper.
Benefits
•• Non-contact optical sensor
•• Reliable in harsh environments
•• Air purge system
•• Not affected by dirt, steam or high temperatures
•• Fast break detection
•• Handles all paper and board grades and applications regardless of colours
•• Detects breaks even against a cylinder
•• Easy to setup
•• Large graphical display and logical user interface
•• Proven with hundreds of installations worldwide
Easy to set up
KB2 unit’s large display and logical user interface allows easy
setup of the break detection by selecting the measurements
which give the highest signal difference. Break signal and
maintenance alarm are wired to the PLC or DCS. The 4–20 mA
current outputs for the signal levels are also available as an option.
Electronics located outside harsh environment
KB2 is very reliable even in a 100% humidity environment. While
the sensor head is exposed to high temperatures, the electronics
unit is mounted outside the machine hood using a fibre optic
cable. Fibre optics is available in lengths of 6, 9 and 12 meters.
The fibre optic cable is located inside the straight stainless
steel sensor head, which is 1.5 m long. Between the sensor
head and the display unit the fibre optic cable is located inside
the stainless steel flexible conduit. Purge air is lead trough the
conduit to keep the sensor head window open.