The interrupt control circuitry routes any enabled interrupts to the

selected interrupt request line. The PC-LPM-16PnP has six interrupt

request lines available: IRQ3, IRQ4, IRQ5, IRQ6, IRQ7, and IRQ9.

The PC-LPM-16PnP generates interrupts in three different situations:

• When an A/D conversion generates data that can be read from FIFO

• When an active low-level signal is detected on the EXTINT* line

• When a rising-edge signal is detected on counter 2 output

The PC-LPM-16PnP individually enables and clears each one of these

interrupts. For more detailed information on generating interrupts

externally, see the EXTINTEN bit of the Command Register 1

description in Appendix D, Register-Level Programming.

Analog Input and Data Acquisition Circuitry

The PC-LPM-16PnP has 16 channels of analog input with 12-bit

A/D conversion. Using the timing circuitry, the PC-LPM-16PnP can

also automatically time multiple A/D conversions. Figure 3-3 shows a

block diagram of the analog input and data acquisition circuitry.

The ADC on the PC-LPM-16PnP includes calibration circuitry that

makes it possible to minimize zero, full-scale, and linearity errors.

Functional Overview

The following are the major components making up the

PC-LPM-16PnP:

• PC I/O channel interface circuitry

• Analog input and data acquisition circuitry

• Digital I/O circuitry

• Timing I/O circuitry

You can execute data acquisition functions by using the analog input

circuitry and some of the timing I/O circuitry. The internal data and

control buses interconnect the components. The theory of operation for

each of these components is explained in the remainder of this chapter.

The block diagram in Figure 3-1 shows a functional overview of the

PC-LPM-16PnP.

The circuitry consists of Plug and Play address decoders, data buffers,

I/O channel interface timing control circuitry, and interrupt control

circuitry. The circuitry monitors address lines SA4 through SA15 to

generate the board enable signal, and uses lines SA0 through SA3 plus

timing signals to generate the onboard register select signals and

read/write signals. The data buffers control the direction of data transfer

on the bidirectional data lines based on whether the transfer is a read or

write operation.

There are different ways to assign the base address to your board:

• For Windows 95, the base address and interrupt should be set

automatically. However, if you want to view or change these

settings, you can set the board resources using the Device

Manager. Windows 95 will automatically allocate resources, but

these can be changed in the Device Manager:

a. Click the right mouse button on My Computer to bring up system properties.

b. Select Device Manager.

c. Select Data Acquisition Devices.

d. Select the PC-LPM-16.

You can change address and interrupt settings on the Resources page.

• For Windows 3.10 or 3.11, you can use the NI-DAQ Configuration

Utility (formerly WDAQCONF) to assign the board resources. If a

standard configuration utility is present in the system, you will not

be able to modify the board resources.

• You can use a standard configuration utility like Intel ISA

Configuration Utility (ICU). ICU dynamically assigns the base

address to your board when you boot up the computer. You can also

lock the board resources when you use ICU. For additional

information on ICU, contact Intel Corporation for a copy of Plug

and Play Specification version 1.0a.

Non-Plug and Play

To configure the non-Plug and Play PC-LPM-16 board, refer to

Appendix C, Using Your PC-LPM-16 (Non-PnP) Board.

Board Configuration

Plug and Play

The PC-LPM-16PnP is fully compatible with the industry-standard

Intel/Microsoft Plug and Play Specification version 1.0a. A Plug and

Play system arbitrates and assigns resources through software, freeing

you from manually setting switches and jumpers. These resources

include the board base I/O address and interrupt channels. Each

PC-LPM-16PnP is configured at the factory to request these resources

from the Plug and Play Configuration Manager.

The Configuration Manager receives all of the resource requests at

startup, compares the available resources to those requested, and

assigns the available resources as efficiently as possible to the Plug and

Play boards. Application software can query the Configuration

Manager to determine the resources assigned to each board without

your involvement. The Plug and Play software is installed as a device

driver or as an integral component of the computer BIOS.

Base I/O Address and Interrupt Selection

You can configure your PC-LPM-16PnP to use base addresses in the

range of 100 to FFF0 hex. The PC-LPM-16PnP occupies 16 bytes of

address space and must be located on a 16-byte boundary. Therefore,

valid addresses include 100, 110, 120…, FFE0, FFF0 hex. This

selection is software-configured and does not require you to manually

change any settings on the board.

The PC-LPM-16PnP can use interrupt channels 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9.

Software Installation

If you are using NI-DAQ, refer to your NI-DAQ release notes to install

your driver software. Find the installation section for your operating

system and follow the instructions given there.

If you are using LabVIEW, refer to your LabVIEW release notes to

install your application software. After you have installed LabVIEW,

refer to the NI-DAQ release notes and follow the instructions given

there for your operating system and LabVIEW.

If you are using LabWindows/CVI, refer to your LabWindows/CVI

release notes to install your application software. After you have

installed LabWindows/CVI, refer to the NI-DAQ release notes and

follow the instructions given there for your operating system and

LabWindows/CVI.

If you are a register-level programmer, refer to Appendix D, Register-

Level Programming, for software configuration information.

Hardware Installation

You can install the PC-LPM-16PnP in any available expansion slot in

your computer. The following are general installation instructions, but

consult your computer user manual or technical reference manual for

specific instructions and warnings.

1. Turn off and unplug your computer.

2. Remove the top cover or access port to the I/O channel.

3. Remove the expansion slot cover on the back panel of the computer.

4. Insert the PC-LPM-16PnP board into any 8-bit or 16-bit slot. It may

be a tight fit, but do not force the board into place.

5. Screw the mounting bracket of the PC-LPM-16PnP board to the

back panel rail of the computer.

6. Replace the cover.

7. Plug in and turn on your computer.

The PC-LPM-16PnP is installed.

Unpacking

Your PC-LPM-16/PnP board is shipped in an antistatic package to

prevent electrostatic damage to the board. Electrostatic discharge can

damage several components on the board. To avoid such damage in

handling the board, take the following precautions:

• Ground yourself via a grounding strap or by holding a grounded object.

• Touch the antistatic package to a metal part of your computer

chassis before removing the board from the package.

• Remove the board from the package and inspect the board for loose

components or any other sign of damage. Notify National

Instruments if the board appears damaged in any way. Do not

install a damaged board into your computer.

• Never touch the exposed pins of connectors.

Custom Cables

National Instruments currently offers a cable termination accessory, the

CB-50, for use with the PC-LPM-16/PnP. This kit includes a

terminated, 50-conductor, flat ribbon cable and a connector block.

Signal input and output wires can be attached to screw terminals on the

connector block and connected to the PC-LPM-16/PnP I/O connector.

The CB-50 is useful for the initial prototyping of an application or in

situations where PC-LPM-16/PnP interconnections are frequently

changed. Once you develop a final field wiring scheme, however, you

may want to develop your own cable. This section contains information

and guidelines for the design of custom cables.

The PC-LPM-16/PnP I/O connector is a 50-pin, male, ribbon cable

header connector. The following list gives recommended part numbers

for use with your PC-LPM-16/PnP board:

• Electronic Products Division/3M (part number 3596-5002)

• T&B/Ansley Corporation (part number 609-5007)

The mating connector for the PC-LPM-16/PnP is a 50-position,

polarized, ribbon socket connector with strain relief. National

Instruments uses a polarized (keyed) connector to prevent inadvertent

upside-down connection to the PC-LPM-16/PnP. Recommended

manufacturer part numbers for this mating connector are as follows:

• Electronic Products Division/3M (part number 3425-7650)

• T&B/Ansley Corporation (part number 609-5041CE)

The following are the standard ribbon cables (50-conductor, 28 AWG,

stranded) that can be used with these connectors:

• Electronic Products Division/3M (part number 3365/50)

• T&B/Ansley Corporation (part number 171-50)

Register-Level Programming

The final option for programming any National Instruments DAQ

hardware is to write register-level software. Writing register-level

programming software can be very time-consuming and inefficient and

is not recommended for most users.

Even if you are an experienced register-level programmer, consider

using NI-DAQ, LabVIEW, or LabWindows/CVI to program your

National Instruments DAQ hardware. Using the NI-DAQ, LabVIEW, or

LabWindows/CVI software is as easy and as flexible as register-level

programming and can save weeks of development time.

Optional Equipment

National Instruments offers a variety of products to use with your

PC-LPM-16/PnP board, including cables, connector blocks, and other

accessories, as follows:

• Cables and cable assemblies, shielded and ribbon

• Connector blocks, shielded and unshielded with 50-pin screw terminals

• SCXI modules and accessories for isolating, amplifying, exciting,

and multiplexing signals for relays and analog output. With SCXI

you can condition and acquire up to 3,072 channels.

• Low channel-count signal conditioning modules, boards, and

accessories, including conditioning for strain gauges and RTDs,

simultaneous sample-and-hold circuitry, and relays

For more specific information about these products, refer to your

National Instruments catalogue or call the office nearest you.

NI-DAQ Driver Software

The NI-DAQ driver software is included at no charge with all National

Instruments DAQ hardware. NI-DAQ is not packaged with signal

conditioning or accessory products. NI-DAQ has an extensive library of

functions that you can call from your application programming

environment. These functions include routines for analog input (A/D

conversion), buffered data acquisition (high-speed A/D conversion),

analog output (D/A conversion), waveform generation (timed D/A

conversion), digital I/O, counter/timer operations, SCXI, RTSI,

calibration, messaging, and acquiring data to extended memory.

NI-DAQ has both high-level DAQ I/O functions for maximum ease of

use and low-level DAQ I/O functions for maximum flexibility and

performance. Examples of high-level functions are streaming data to

disk or acquiring a certain number of data points. An example of a

low-level function is writing directly to registers on the DAQ device.

NI-DAQ does not sacrifice the performance of National Instruments

DAQ devices because it lets multiple devices operate at their peak performance.

NI-DAQ also internally addresses many of the complex issues between

the computer and the DAQ hardware such as programming interrupts

and DMA controllers. NI-DAQ maintains a consistent software

interface among its different versions so that you can change platforms

with minimal modifications to your code.