Category: ABB

Measurement made easy

Highest precision under harshest conditions

High precision

– Lowest detection limits, highly accurate measurements

– Highly selective, virtually cross interference free

Suitable for harsh process conditions

– In-situ, direct measurement of hazardous gas streams

– For high pressure, high temperature applications

Fast and direct

– In-situ, no sample transport or conditioning

– Fast response

Safe, compact and easy

– Flameproof housing (Ex-d), no purging

– No nitrogen purging for oxygen measurement

– Compact and lightweight, insensitive to vibrations

– Ease of maintenance

How it works – measuring principle

The LS4000 employs the optical measuring technique of absorption spectroscopy, which utilizes the fact

that a specific gas absorbs specific light wavelengths.

The light beam is emitted from a tunable laser diode located in the transmitter unit.

The laser light passes through the process gas and strikes the photodetector in the receiver unit.

The measured gas component present in the optical path absorbs the laser light, attenuating the light

received.

A sophisticated signal algorithm processes the amount of light attenuation and calculates the gas

concentration on the basis of the Beer-Lambert law.

The influence of temperature and pressure variations is eliminated by dynamic automatic correction.

Sample components and measurement ranges

The LS4000 laser analyzer has one physical measurement range per sample component.

O2 from 0…1 to 0…100 Vol%

Typical applications

− Process and safety monitoring

− Combustion control

− Control of flue gas abatement equipment (e.g. ammonia slip measurements)

− Emission monitoring

Typical industries served

− Chemical and petrochemical industry

− Power industry

− Iron and steel industry

International certifications

− ATEX Zone 1

− IECEx Zone 1

− CSA Class I, Division 1

Suitable for harsh process conditions

LS4000 applies a non-contact, optical technique, which allows the measurement of corrosive, toxic and

hazardous gas streams directly in the process. The laser analyzer is suitable for measurements at elevated

temperatures up to 1500 °C (2732 °F) and pressures up to 20 bar (290 psi).

The influence of temperature and pressure variations is eliminated by automatic dynamic correction.

Fast and direct

A sampling and conditioning system is unnecessary since the instrument is directly installed on the

process (in situ).

This results in a typical response time of 2 seconds, providing better loop control and faster detection of

critical conditions.

The in situ laser analyzer is ideally suited for process optimization and safety measurements.

Safe, compact and easy

− No purging for installations in hazardous areas – the analyzer includes flameproof housing (Ex-d) with

international certifications

− No nitrogen purging of the analyzer housing for O2 measurement

− Insensitive to vibrations through compact and lightweight design

− Ease of maintenance

The LS4000 is an in situ cross-duct analyzer for measuring gas component concentrations.

It applies the highly selective, optical measuring principle of tunable diode laser (TDL)

absorption spectroscopy.

The LS4000 is a stand-alone system and is approved for use in hazardous areas according

to international standards. The device consists of a transmitter unit with a laser light source and a receiver

unit with a photodetector. The two units are mounted opposite each other on the process pipe or stack

and are connected by a junction box.

The advantages to you:

High precision

Due to the narrow spectral width of the laser beam and the narrow scan window, only the absorption by

the target gas component is measured. Consequently, high selectivity and accuracy are achieved and the

measurement is virtually cross-interference free.

Suitable for harsh process conditions

LS4000 applies a non-contact, optical technique, which allows the measurement of corrosive, toxic and

hazardous gas streams directly in the process. The laser analyzer is suitable for measurements at elevated

temperatures up to 1500 °C (2732 °F) and pressures up to 20 bar (290 psi).

The influence of temperature and pressure variations is eliminated by automatic dynamic correction.

KB2 Fibre-Optic Sheet Break Detector is designed to handle all kind of break detection.

With RGB-colour based detection it can detect different colours and then separate

wire/felt reflection easily from the paper.

Benefits

•• Non-contact optical sensor

•• Reliable in harsh environments

•• Air purge system

•• Not affected by dirt, steam or high temperatures

•• Fast break detection

•• Handles all paper and board grades and applications regardless of colours

•• Detects breaks even against a cylinder

•• Easy to setup

•• Large graphical display and logical user interface

•• Proven with hundreds of installations worldwide

Easy to set up

KB2 unit’s large display and logical user interface allows easy

setup of the break detection by selecting the measurements

which give the highest signal difference. Break signal and

maintenance alarm are wired to the PLC or DCS. The 4–20 mA

current outputs for the signal levels are also available as an option.

Electronics located outside harsh environment

KB2 is very reliable even in a 100% humidity environment. While

the sensor head is exposed to high temperatures, the electronics

unit is mounted outside the machine hood using a fibre optic

cable. Fibre optics is available in lengths of 6, 9 and 12 meters.

The fibre optic cable is located inside the straight stainless

steel sensor head, which is 1.5 m long. Between the sensor

head and the display unit the fibre optic cable is located inside

the stainless steel flexible conduit. Purge air is lead trough the

conduit to keep the sensor head window open.

RGB Colour and IR measurement

KB2 has both, RGB or Infrared light sources to perform superiorly

with all paper and board grades and applications regardless

of colour. The RGB colour measurement can handle all

sheet, wire and felt colours providing reliable break detection.

Fast break detection

KB2’s digital signal processing technology measures all signals

a thousand times per second. KB2 is immune to ambient light

changes by measuring the backlight intensity. The break detection

delay is very short, a minimum of 15 ms – with digital

filtration the user can select how many measurement cycles

should be used for break detection.

The KB2 system is proven with hundreds of installations around the world, 

and set as a mill standard for many customers.

KB2 Fibre-Optic Sheet Break Detector is the new generation sheet break

detector that with the latest RGB technology enables more light with

effective power LED. This allows longer detection distance and operation in high

ambient light condition. KB2 is the perfect choice for installations in unclean, steamy

and high temperature environments, or where the space is limited.

KPM Products | Paper Machine Measurements

The KB2 system is proven with hundreds of installations around the world,

and set as a mill standard for many customers.

KB2 Fibre-Optic Sheet Break Detector is the new generation sheet break

detector that with the latest RGB technology enables more light with

effective power LED. This allows longer detection distance and operation in high

ambient light condition. KB2 is the perfect choice for installations in unclean, steamy

and high temperature environments, or where the space is limited.

KB2 Fibre-Optic Sheet Break Detection system is designed to

monitor sheet breaks in harsh environments. The non-contact

sensor is placed above or under the web to be monitored.

The system is proven with hundreds of installations around the

world, and set as a mill standard for many customers.

Thanks to the air purged system in the sensor head, keeping the

optics free from dirt, steam or high temperatures, KB2 is suitable

for installations in harsh environments or where the space is

limited. In addition to open-draw applications the breaks can be

detected against felt, wire, or even against a cylinder.

The AO845/AO845A Analog Output Module for single or redundant

applications has 8 unipolar analog output channels. The module

performs self-diagnostic cyclically. Module diagnostics include:

External Channel Error is reported (only reported on active

channels) if the process power supply that supply voltage to

output circuitry is too low, or the output current is less than the

output set value and the output set value > 1 mA (open circuit).

Internal Channel Error is reported if the output circuit can not

give the right current value. In a redundant pair the module will be

commanded to error state by the ModuleBus master.

Module Error is reported in case of Output Transistor Error, Short

Circuit, Checksum Error, Internal Power Supply Error, Status Link

Error, Watchdog or Wrong OSP behavior.

Features and benefits

• 8 channels of 4…20 mA

• For single or redundant applications

• 1 group of 8 channels isolated from ground

• Analog inputs are short circuit secured to ZP or +24 V

• HART pass-through communication

Application

The combined overcurrent and earth-faultrelay SPAJ 140 C is intended to be used forthe

selective short-circuit and earth-fault pro-tection of radial feeders in solidly earthed,

resistance earthed or impedance earthedpower systems.

The integrated protectionrelay includes an overcurrent unit and anearth-fault unit with flexible tripping and signalling facilities.

The overcurrent and earth-fault relays can also be used for other applica-tions requiring single-,

two-, or three-phase overcurrent protection.

The combined over.current and earth-fault relay includes a cir-cuit-breaker failure protection unit.

The combined overcurrent and earth-faultrelay SPAJ 140 C is pait of ABB’s Distribu-tion Automation concept,

which is a productsegment of Panorama, the complete ABBsolution for the control and management ofelectric power systems.