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Too little water injection can result in excessive steam temperatures and pressures,

risking damage to the superheater, turbine and downstream components.

To correct for small changes in temperature, small changes in water volume

must also be realized in the reverse adjustment of the valve.

The same must be true in the disproportionate zone of the valve.

Any equipment used must be able to withstand the harsh operating environment

and high ambient temperatures associated with superheater applications.

Solutions – Highly accurate continuous positioning of sprinkler valves

ABB’s Contrac continuous electric linear actuator provides the ideal solution for sprinkler valve control

applications.

The ideal solution for valve control applications.

Even at ambient temperatures up to 85 °C (185 °F) according to IEC 60034-1.

The Contrac actuator is fully S9-100%ED operable even at ambient temperatures up to 85 °C (185 °F),

allowing for highly accurate continuous positioning of water spray valves.

‍The following pages show some of the ways in which ABB valve automation products bring benefits in different applications

Electric actuators

Maintenance-free operation for the longest time

In boiler applications, superheaters are widely used to help increase steam temperature.

Shower water valves control the supply of cooling water that is injected into the superheated steam in the superheater and reheater.

Tight control of the cooling water supply helps to achieve optimum steam temperatures both inside and at the output of the superheater.

The Challenge – Accurately Controlling the Mass Flow of Cooling Water

To minimize the cooling of steam in the process while achieving the maximum allowable steam temperature

Continuous, precise control of the mass flow rate of cooling water injected into the superheater and reheater is required.

This requires continuous and precise control of the mass flow rate of cooling water injected into the superheater and reheater. 

Too much water injection will result in subcooling of the steam and reduce boiler efficiency.

Protection functions can be “connected” to specific input channels by setting the corresponding

parameters.

Digital input and output signals can also be logically combined internally:

– The tripping outputs of each protection function can be assigned in a matrix fashion to the channels of

the trip auxiliary relay assembly.

The channels of the trip auxiliary relay assembly.

– The contact and trip signals can be assigned to the channels of the signaling auxiliary relay assembly.

The channels of the auxiliary relay assembly.

– Each protective function can be blocked by a digital signal (e.g. digital input or trip signal using another

protective function).

– External signals applied to the digital inputs can be processed in any desired way.

– The digital signals can be combined to perform logical functions,

e.g. an external enable or blocking signal with the output signal of a protective function.

The digital signals can be combined to perform logical functions,

such as external enable or blocking signals with the output signals of a protection function

or with the output signals of an internal protection function, which can then be used to block one of the

other protection functions.

Using the process bus type MVB, the remote input and output unit 500RIO11 can be connected to the

REG216 terminals.

By using the RIO580 Remote I/O system, it is possible to expand the number of input and output

channels to a larger number.

Mounting the 500RIO11 I/O unit close to the process allows it to be connected to the REG216 terminals

via fiber optic connection, which greatly reduces wiring.

Protection functions

All protection functions required for independent protection of generators, power transformers and

feeders are available.

All protection functions required for transformers and feeder lines.

The system thus replaces multiple relays in conventional protection schemes used for such power system

equipment.

Therefore, the system replaces multiple relays in conventional protection schemes used for this type of

power system equipment.

The table on page 2 describes the most important protection functions.

Simply use your personalcomputer to select the desired protection function

from a comprehensive library of protection functions for your specific application.

Use personalcomputer to select the required protection functions from a comprehensive library.

No knowledge of computer programming is required.

All setting ranges are very broad, making the protection functions suitable for a wide range of

applications.

The following main parameters can be set:

– Processing unit assignment

– Input channels

– Pickup setting

– Time delay

– Definition of operating characteristics

– Trip logic

– Control signal logic.

Trip output and binary input unit 216DB61

– 8 outputs for bipolar control of auxiliary trip relays

– Monitor Output Amplifier

– 16 digital inputs for signaling auxiliary relay assemblies 

(each two can be used separately to externally enable and prevent tripping)

– Activated outputs and inputs are indicated by LEDs

– Front space requirement: one rack partition.

Auxiliary DC power supply units 216NG61. 216NG62 and 216NG63

– Models for 36 to 312 VDC inputs

– Output 24 VDC, 150 watts

– Short circuit and overload protected outputs

– Parallel connection for higher ratings

– Parallel connection for redundancy (2 outputs)

– Space required: 3 rack partitions.

All protection functions of the REG216 operate on sampled primary system voltage and current.

The analog input unit has a sampling rate of 12 times per cycle and

a dynamic range of 15 bits at the rated power system frequency.

All further signal processing is performed digitally.

As a result, the protection functions are universally applicable, highly accurate and have excellent long-term stability.

Digital filters effectively suppress DC components and harmonics to avoid interference.

The trip logic of the internal protection functions (earlier diode matrix) is controlled by software in the REG216.

Digital Output Unit 216AB61

– 32 outputs for controlling relays that output auxiliary relay assemblies

– Short-circuit proof

– Front panel LEDs to indicate activated relays

– Space required: one rack partition.

Auxiliary DC power supply units 216NG61. 216NG62 and 216NG63

– Models for 36 to 312 VDC inputs

– Output 24 VDC, 150 watts

– Short circuit and overload protected outputs

– Parallel connection for higher ratings

– Parallel connection for redundancy (2 outputs)

– Space required: 3 rack partitions.

All protection functions of the REG216 operate on sampled primary system voltage and current.

The analog input unit has a sampling rate of 12 times per cycle and

a dynamic range of 15 bits at the rated power system frequency.

All further signal processing is performed digitally.

As a result, the protection functions are universally applicable, highly accurate and have excellent long-

term stability.

Digital filters effectively suppress DC components and harmonics to avoid interference.

The trip logic of the internal protection functions (earlier diode matrix) is controlled by software in the

REG216.

Processing unit 216VC62a

– 32-bit processor type 80486DX-2

– Application software in Flash EPROM

– Run data stored in RAM

– Settings on non-volatile flash EPROMs

– Potential-free RS-423 interface for PC operation

– Connection to control station via message transmission

– Time clock synchronization for time stamping of events

– Non-volatile event and disturbance memory (gold capacitor buffer)

– Space required: two racks

Analog input unit 216EA62

– 24 inputs sampled simultaneously, 6 per group

– Sampling frequency 600 (720) Hz, power supply frequency 50 (60) Hz

– Space required: two rack partitions.

Digital Output Unit 216AB61

– 32 outputs for controlling relays that output auxiliary relay assemblies

– Short-circuit proof

– Front panel LEDs to indicate activated relays

– Space required: one rack partition.

Parallel bus and electronics unit

The electronics units are of plug-in design and are mounted in equipment racks

with a standard size of 19 inches 6U (1U = 44.45 mm).

This rack can be divided into 21 standard partitions.

The data exchange via the parallel bus B448C is controlled and monitored by all available devices.

The protection system is based on a data bus with digital signal processing for most functions;

signal conditioning, analog and digital inputs, A/D conversion, processing and signal output.

The components of the system include

– Static plug-in units, which exchange data via a powerful parallel bus

– Interfaces to the process (main system, station equipment), isolated from the digital processing unit.

Device rack 216MB66/216MB68 and parallel bus B448C

The main features of the parallel bus B448C are

– Specification based on IEEE P 896 (Future Bus)

– Time multiplexing of address and data (16 bits)

– Asynchronous data transfer with handshaking

– Integrity check for each data exchange

– Up to 32 masters with the same status actively access the bus

– Internal 24 V auxiliary power supply common to all electronics units;

redundant 24 V power supplies are available.

Requirements

To ensure correct and safe operation of the relays, it is recommended that preventive

maintenance be carried out every five years on relays operating under specified conditions;

See table 4.1.-1 and section 5.2.4. Technical Data.

When used for real-time clock or logging data functions, the batteries should be replaced every five years.

Configuration

By appropriately configuring the output contact matrix, signals from the protection

level can be used as contact functions. The start signals can be used for

for blocking cooperating relays and for signaling.

The following figure shows the default configuration of the relay:

all trip signals are routed to trip the circuit breaker.

In the first example in Figure 4.2.-1. the residual current is measured by

the iron core balancing current transformer and the output contacts are

connected to enable the automatic reclosing function.

In the second example in Figure 4.2.-2. the residual current is measured through

the trimming connection of the phase current transformer and the output contacts are connected

to enable the trip lockout function with an external reset switch.

Applications

The REF610 is a multifunctional relay designed primarily for the protection

of incoming and outgoing lines in medium voltage distribution substations.

In industrial and utility applications, the relay can also be used as backup

protection for motors, transformers and generators.

The relay incorporates a number of protection features including three levels of overcurrent protection,

two levels of non-directional ground fault protection and thermal protection to

provide comprehensive overcurrent and ground fault protection.

An optional arc protection function can be used to detect arcing conditions in air-insulated metal-clad

switchgear,and an automatic reclosing function can be used to automatically clear overhead line faults.

These features further expand the range of applications for the relays.

The large number of digital input and output contacts allows a wide range of applications.

The following figure shows the default configuration of the relay:

all trip signals are routed to trip the circuit breaker.

In the first example in Figure 4.2.-1. the residual current is measured by

the iron core balancing current transformer and the output contacts are

connected to enable the automatic reclosing function.