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Multilin MLJ Synchronism Check Relay Influence of harmonics

Influence of harmonics

The pillar of the MLJ measurement calculation is the discrete Fourier transform, which is in essence a

harmonics filter. For this reason the voltage and line measurements are not affected by frequencies other

than the fundamental.

The rejection of harmonics is added to the independence of measurements, both magnitude and phase,

relative to frequency signal variations, which is very important in a synchronism checking relay which, by its

own nature, works in variable frequencies.

Given that in power systems, synchronization or synchronism checking is carried out in a steady state, that

is with voltage magnitudes near or equal to the rated value, close enable is not emitted for very low voltages.

Therefore, for voltage of less than 9 volts, the relay stops measuring phase and frequency, not giving

permission to close under such conditions.

The MLJ also offers additional insensitivity to frequency measurement concerning harmonics, since this is

done via a hardware circuit, a zero-cross detector, with an intrinsic harmonics filter. Furthermore, it has a

software filter which operates by double-period measurement, both between the rising and falling edges,

averaging them out and allowing for better performance of algorithm frequency (improving security and

response).

Multilin MLJ Synchronism Check Relay Application

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

Measurement accuracy

The differential angle measurement of the MLJ is high precision and is limited solely by errors in available

voltage transformers.

The measurement of the angle is practically independent of the voltage.

In the MLJ the measurement is obtained via a numerical calculation done on digital voltage samples, thus

achieving high precision. This allows for a rating of 2º, which is clearly better than the possible rating using

other technologies.

Influence of harmonics

The pillar of the MLJ measurement calculation is the discrete Fourier transform, which is in essence a

harmonics filter. For this reason the voltage and line measurements are not affected by frequencies other

than the fundamental.

The rejection of harmonics is added to the independence of measurements, both magnitude and phase,

relative to frequency signal variations, which is very important in a synchronism checking relay which, by

its own nature, works in variable frequencies.

Given that in power systems, synchronization or synchronism checking is carried out in a steady state, that

is with voltage magnitudes near or equal to the rated value, close enable is not emitted for very low voltages.

Therefore, for voltage of less than 9 volts, the relay stops measuring phase and frequency, not giving

permission to close under such conditions.

Multilin MLJ Synchronism Check Relay DESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTION

The main applications of the MLJ are:

• Connecting a generator to the system.

• Re-establishing the connection between two parts of the system.

• Manual closing of circuit breakers

• Automatic reclosing of a breaker after a relay trip.

The MLJ is a digital synchronism-checking relay that measures bus and line voltages.

It tests:

• Voltage difference

• Frequency slip

• The phase angle between both voltages

The equipment provides an output to enable to close the circuit breaker when all of the values fall within

the set limits and remain there for the duration of time chosen for the setting. In the event that all the

conditions have not been met, after one minute the equipment gives off a signal showing a failure of

closing conditions.

Additionally, it is equipped with DLDB dead line-dead bus, DLLB dead line-live bus, and LLDB live line-

dead bus, making it possible to select any combination thereof through independent settings.

The basic MLJ1000 equipment and the equipment linkable via RS-485 is mounted in a 2-inch module,

compatible with industrial MID systems, or in a 1/8 rack as an individual relay.

Multilin MLJ Synchronism Check Relay Applications

The MLJ is a digital synchronism check relay that measures bus and line voltages,

checking: voltage differences, frequency slip, and phase angle between both voltages

Applications

Generator and network synchronism

Bus or line synchronism check

Protection and Control

Synchronism check operation

Undervoltage supervision

The relay functions in two modes:

• Continuous mode: In this mode synchronism is checked continuously.

• Manual mode: This is activated when voltage is applied through a manually activated input, thus

beginning synchronism control when voltage applied through another digital input for initial checking.

The function of synchronism (with voltage in the line and bus) can be controlled by two undervoltage units,

which allow the synchronism operation when both voltages are higher than the set value.

Additionally, it is equipped with DLDB dead line-dead bus, DLLB dead line-live bus, and LLDB live line-dead

bus, making it possible to select any combination thereof through independent settings.

The basic MLJ1000 equipment and the equipment linkable via RS-485 is mounted in a 2-inch module,

compatible with industrial MID systems, or in a 1/8 rack as an individual relay.

ABB industrial drives ACS800, single drives 0.55 to 5600 kW Type designation

Type designation

This is the unique reference number that clearly identifies

your drive by construction, power rating voltage and selected

options. By type designation you can specify your drives from

the wide range of available options, customer specific ones

are added to the type designation using the corresponding +code.

Functional safety

The ABB functional safety solution complies with the

requirements of the new European Union machinery directive

2006/42/EC. This directive is associated with standards

like IEC 62061 (Safety Integrity Level) and ISO 13849-1

(Performance Level), which require both a documented and

proven safety performance and lifecycle approach to safety.

Safe torque-off (STO) is a certified solution offering SIL2 and

PL d (Cat.2) safety levels.

ABB drives can be provided, as an option, with the safe

torque-off function. Safe torque-off (STO) can be used for

the prevention of unexpected startup and represents a

cost-effective and certified solution for basic safety. Other

safety functions for cabinet-built drives include Safe Stop 1

(SS1) and Safely-Limited Speed (SLS), which can be used to

achieve SIL2 or PL d (Cat.2) safety levels.

ABB industrial drives ACS800, single drives 0.55 to 5600 kW Industrial design

Industrial design

ABB industrial drives are designed with current ratings to

be used in industrial environment for applications requiring

high overloadability. The heart of the drive is DTC, direct

torque control, that provides high performance and significant

benefits: e.g. accurate static and dynamic speed and torque

control, high starting torque and long motor cables. 

Builtin drive options make the installation work fast and easy.

The robust enclosures and cabinets, with a wide range of

enclosure classes, as well as power terminals, are designed

for harsh environments.

One of the most significant design criteria of ABB industrial

drives has been the long lifetime. Wearing parts such as fans

and capacitors have been selected accordingly. This means

– together with extensive protection features – excellent

reliability in the demanding industrial market.

Single drives

The single drive configuration contains a rectifier, DC link and

an inverter in one single AC drive unit.

The single drives are complete AC drives that can be installed

without any additional cabinet or enclosure. The single drives

are available as wall-mounted, free-standing and cabinet-built

constructions. The protection degree of the single drives is at

least IP21, and higher protection degrees are available as an option.

ABB industrial drives ACS800, single drives 0.55 to 5600 kW

ABB industrial drives

ABB industrial drives are designed for industrial applications,

and especially for applications in process industries such as

the pulp & paper, metals, mining, cement, power, chemical,

and oil & gas. ABB industrial drives are available both as

complete AC drives and as modules to meet the requirements

of the users, OEMs and system integrators. These drives are

highly flexible AC drives that can be configured to meet the

precise needs of industrial applications, and hence orderbased configuration is an integral part of the

offering. 

Thecomplete drives and drive modules cover a wide range of

powers and voltages, including industrial voltages up to

690 V. ABB industrial drives come with a wide range of builtin options. 

A key feature of these drives is programmability,

which makes adaptation to different applications easy.

ABB drives can be provided, as an option, with the safe

torque-off function. Safe torque-off (STO) can be used for

the prevention of unexpected startup and represents a

cost-effective and certified solution for basic safety. Other

safety functions for cabinet-built drives include Safe Stop 1

(SS1) and Safely-Limited Speed (SLS), which can be used to

achieve SIL2 or PL d (Cat.2) safety levels.

ABB Advant Controller 400 series Smarter solution

These make your new controllers able

to use ABB’s new S800 I⁄O system and

easily able to communicate, with other

external controllers, with ABB’s variable

speed motor drives and with smart

motor-control centers.

• More backup redundancy available,e.g.:

– Smarter solution to CPU redundancy,

eliminating critical, common, components,

– Full dual redundancy, covering,

media and communication in interfaces,

for S100 I/O and Advant Fieldbus 100.

• A self-tuning, adaptive process controller

(AC 450) that makes short work out

of setting up control loops accurately

and responsively, even in difficult applications.

• Fuzzy logic control, a control method

based on degrees of truths as opposed

to conventional binary logic that only

recognizes two states: true or false.

A control strategy that is often able to

untangle elegantly control problems

that are difficult to solve in other ways.

• Windows NT-based engineering tool,

You save money; StepUp includes:

• attractive prices on controller cabinets

with all the hardware and software required.

ABB Advant Controller 400 series

StepUp is program of ABB’s for upgrading

older process control equipment to the

latest Advant OCS solutions at particularly

favorable terms. The theme of the program

varies from time to time; this time the turn

has come to users of MasterPiece 200⁄1

controllers to upgrade to the latest Advant

Controller 400 series process controllers, at

substantially reduced prices.

You gain performance; Count on three to

five times the speed of your current

machine(s) (vs. Advant Controller 450) and

multiple amounts of more memory.

Higher processing speed and more

memory means more work done faster, as

well as more space for trend data storage.

You gain functionality; Advant Controller

400 series offers a number of important

functional improvements, e.g.:

• Support for a number of new, popular

communication protocols, e.g. Advant

Fieldbus 100, Profibus DP, LONWorks

and Allen-Bradley’s DF1.

A-B 1747-SN Remote I/O Scanner RIO Link Wiring

Required Tools and Equipment

Have the following tools and equipment ready:

• medium blade screwdriver

• termination kit (the package, containing resistors and a ring lug, which was

included with the scanner)

• approximately 38 cm (15 inches) of #20 AWG wire for grounding the drain

shield to the SLC chassis (for Series A retrofits)

• adequate length of RIO communication cable (Belden™ 9463) for your

specific application

RIO Link Wiring

The scanner is connected to other devices on the RIO link in a daisy-chain (serial)

configuration. There are no restrictions governing the space between each device,

provided the maximum cable distance (Belden 9463) is not exceeded. A 1/2 watt

terminating resistor (included with the module) must be attached across line 1 and

line 2 of the connectors at each end (scanner and last physical device) of the RIO

link. The size of the resistor depends on the baud rate and extended node

capability, as shown in the table below.

Note: To use extended node, all devices on the RIO link must support it. Refer to

each device’s user manual.

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